This dissertation offers an in-depth analysis of Community Justice and the determining factors that entitle it as a viable alternative to the core problems (recidivism, public opinion / risk and economics trepidations) that blight our prison service to date. This dissertation has taken an in-depth look into the process of money laundering, along with how the establishment of the Internet has changed the methods utilized by offenders. Results highlight that substance misuse and contact between the police and those who are homeless are important factors which require further research. By Katie Grady, Nottingham Trent University, UK. As a result greater focus has been placed upon minority ethnic within England and Wales. The government need to re-address the evidence from research and practice that shows us the extent of the problem and its effects upon children and young people, so they recognise the need to appropriately fund and deliver supportive services for our young and vulnerable population. Juvenile Crime and Punishment in Bucharest, Romania: A Public Opinion Survey. The relationship between anti social behaviour and a nutrient deficient diet. This means they are still being blocked politically, economically and socially. This dissertation examines both serial killers and terrorists in the hope that a more comprehensive understanding and look into their behaviour, can help counter their deviance. Managerial opinions of Nottingham City Council’s wardens as policing partners, By Jordan Cashmore, Nottingham Trent University. By Emma Gordon, Blackpool and Fylde College, an Associate College of Lancaster University, UK. It not only analyses the effect it has on offending behaviour, but also assesses the impact it has on other aspects of a young person’s life. This dissertation explores the impact of parental separation on children’s wellbeing. Intra-EU Migration and its Implications Upon Foucauldian Discipline, Conceptual and Methodological Challenges in Examining the Relationship Between Mental Illness and Violent Behaviour and Crime, Bridging The Gap Between Prison And The Community: An exploration of resettlement and desistance among female offenders in England and Canada. The final source discussed was businesses and financiers and the findings on this area were found to be the most inconclusive, as there were many conflicting opinions from authors present. Routine Activity Theory is used to examine the possible effect that ownership and usage trends of these technologies has on crime victimisation. Despite numerous attempts to explain it, no consensus has arisen as to the cause. A number of international legal instruments, adopted, signed and ratified, to protect the rights of children, represent a framework for how “justice” is determined legally (Mehigan, Walters and Westmarland, 2010). The paper engages with the “commonsense” notion, and that of Ezioni (1993), that fear of crime might be lower in a small relatively close-knit community. Sheffield Hallam University. To examine if typologies are of practical use in the study of serial homicide, potential implications of their use are critically discussed in five contexts, those of prevention, investigation, profiling, utilisation in court, and with respect to societal contentment. Furthermore, development of international legislations and awareness raised within the countries where the problem exists was presented. Using Hough and Roberts’ (1999) study ‘Sentencing Trends in Britain: Public Knowledge and Public Opinion’ as inspiration, the knowledge of two cohorts of students on the Criminal Justice System (CJS) and its practices, is tested to determine the origins and reliability of the sources they use to form their opinions. The emergence of youth gangs in the UK in recent years has resulted in heightened media attention of the group, with sensationalised headlines appearing in newspapers relating to violent gang crimes which have led to the deaths of many young people. By Wayne Noble, University of Central Lancashire, UK. This dissertation will address the various approaches that have been taken, exploring whether it is possible to balance punishment for their offending behaviour with a need to treat their mental disorder, whilst taking into account concerns with public safety that have increasingly penetrated debates surrounding the treatment of this group. (1998) Maryland Scale. They account for over 50 per cent of the prison population but account for only 13 per cent of the general population. Our Criminology degrees share a common first year, so if you want to specialise, you have the option to switch to another pathway in your second year. The same results were found with white-collar offenders but in a mechanistic form. The Internet was originally designed to provide a means of information sharing, universal networking and communication in which it has excelled. This report investigates links of causal factors of aggression and antisocial criminality, through the collection of published literature, public surveys and professional interview analysis. The Criminal and the Terrorist: A Comparative Criminological Analysis of Pathways into Crime. Despite recent developments in law and policy in both England and Wales and Canada which have aimed to decrease the number of offenders being sent to prison, prison populations continue to increase. Conclusions are drawn that the media do in fact portray black youths in a negative way but on the other hand, with support from statistics and relevant literature, black youth crime is a serious problem and therefore cannot be dismissed as a moral panic exacerbated by the media. The interest in this research was born out of the 2008 financial crisis, its causes and the responses to it. This combination of empirical and theoretical study has helped to gauge the extent of animal abuse within violent households. Less research, however, has been undertaken into why such defendants and suspects appear to be at a higher risk of making false confessions. A Critical Discourse Analysis of Corporate Environmental Harm. This study explores the changing nature of media representations of the British police and the implications that social media may have on perceptions of the police. Academic literature tells us that the concept of security is changing from a state focussed realist concept in the colonial period to a human focused paradigm in the post-colonial period; and, although it discusses the threats posed to the moral values of an abstract ‘international community’ through human security issues such as poverty or human rights abuses, it does little to discuss the importance of the human security on stability of state institutions. Recreational drug users can no longer be simply thought of as social ‘outsiders’. By Mike Larsen, Department of Criminology, Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Ottowa, Canada. ‘Women In Prison: A Review of the Current Female Prison System: Future Directions and Alternatives’. Recurrent themes emerge from their accounts to suggest that abusive acts arise out of a multiplicity of cultural circumstances influenced by power and gender relations. Moreover, because male rape is a part of sexual violence, feminist theory is used as a foundation for this project, since feminism seeks gender equality. This is certainly one valid reason but it is by no means the only reason. This thesis covers areas of media effects research that this author believes have not yet been addressed and so aims to fill a gap in the literature. Although the requirements to become a police officer vary depending on the agency/department in which applicants seek employment, individuals interested in becoming a police officer with the goal of becoming a detective should understand that a clean criminal record, proof of citizenship, and the ability to pass any number of written and physical examinations are typical of the hiring process. Snowball sampling enabled a positive response rate of almost forty officers of varying ranks. Community policing involves new and old tactics. Domestic violence was frequently seen by the police as a private matter, not 'real' violence, and unworthy ‘rubbish’ work (Dobash and Dobash, 1992). This dissertation provides a cross-section of the case. Pro_Reform? This dissertation examines the problems faced by the criminal justice system when addressing fraud committed by multinational corporations (MNCs). A growing body of theory and related research has proposed the idea that psychopathy may be no longer consist of a homogenous population of individuals who share common etiological and phenotypic features. Representations become more complicated, and so views of the police become more extreme and varied, which in turn may create more tension over opinions on the police. This dissertation explores the relationship between homelessness and offending. Previous literature on this topic has been assessed and criticised as well as surrounding themes of the human-animal bond and how these factors would correlate to the current study. Royal Holloway University of London. Liverpool John Moores University). Ultimately, the study demonstrates that through exploring the lives of gay men, domestic violence is potentially an occurring feature within the discourse of a gay mans life, and that exploration must be continued if a thorough understanding of such a concealed topic is to be revealed. The second part of the report will look at the main roles carried out by these women when they get to ISIS-controlled territory and the implications for future threats to security. The Criminalisation of Abortion in America: Waging War on Women’s Rights. By Nicola Tallon. The massive growth of this sort of interaction has consequently attracted a large amount of media attention particularly following incidents of criminal activity that came to light. Overall, consent was constructed as a positive aspect of all sexual encounters, with the responsibility of its establishment being placed equally on both parties. This research aims to fill this knowledge gap, proposing Scamming Black Widow killers to be understood as one type of romance scam. Repressing Mental Health Illness: Life of a Police Officer. Although there are a number of obstacles that will have to be overcome, including support for ‘tough on crime’ policies, a ‘decline in community’ and fear of crime, this study proposes that if the public are made aware of the wider benefits that such an approach could bring, then community justice provides an opportunity for real changes to be made to the CJS and communities throughout the UK. Can The Police Prove Evidence of Non-Consent? This research discusses the simultaneous transformations and implementations since the 1970s this is inclusive of the neoliberal project, the ‘war on drugs’ and the ‘prison industrial complex. Can Discipline Cope? By analysing the aims and (unintended) consequences of the SOTPs as well as the effectiveness of the programmes at fulfilling their aims, this research has shown that within the programmes there is evidence of positive professional practice as well as a reduction in reoffending of those who had completed the SOTP compared with offenders who had not. The Arab Spring: The Rise Of Human Security And The Fall Of Dictatorship. The key findings surround solidarity, gender, mental health, help available and the public’s views, The Implications of Imprisonment on the Mental Health of Prisoners: An Exploration from the Perspective of Staff who Work with (Ex) Prisoners, By India Papathanasiou. A large percentage of the UK now has access to these social networking sites. With regard to previous research, the current research revealed that cannabis still remains to be the most normalised drug; however LSD and amphetamines can no longer be seen to hold a footing within the conceptualisation. A comprehensive review of the current literature in relation to youth mentoring suggests that it can have a number of benefits, including increased school competency, enhanced social skills and improved family relationships to name a few; however, the findings do not support its use as a criminal justice intervention on such a large scale, as the impact it has on offending is argued to be modest at best. Other variables such as age and education status were examined. By Aleasha Cox, Nottingham Trent University, UK. Exploring ‘the North Liverpool Community Justice Centre’ and cross continental schemes, justice reinvestment coupled with community justice demonstrate a potential solution not without obstacles. With public attitudes towards crime loosely informing criminal justice system procedures and the appropriateness of sentences handed down over time, the need for renewed understanding around these perceptions remains important. The two main forms of transport becoming increasingly affected by the theft of cash and valuables in transit (CVIT) today are cash-in-transit vans and international cargo ships, both inconceivably important in modern society and equally as relied upon (BSIA, 2007; IMB, 2009). The study found the ambiguity of current consent legislation is leading to an uncertainty of how sexual consent is given. By Kirsty Teague, Nottingham Trent University. The police are responsible for delivering the Victim Personal Statement however, police perceptions of the scheme in England and Wales have not been the focus of research when reflecting on the reasons for these disappointing delivery statistics. However, there has been at attempt to resolve this predicament and practitioners, in Greater Manchester, have established the AIM (Assessment Intervention Moving-on) project. To gain a clear understanding of the question at hand, this essay is based on a theoretical stand point using sources from official research, feminist views and other critical thinkers, case studies, documentaries as well as charities/agencies and organisations. The purpose of this study is to distinguish the useful and harmful aspects of Fractional Reserve Act 1913 is. This research aims to evaluate the ways in which the media can be considered criminogenic via two outcomes – imitation of acts and incitement to crime. Child Trafficking, whilst not a new phenomenon, remains a heinous activity as children are the most vulnerable members of society, yet it is exactly this vulnerability that makes trafficking possible in the first instance. It traces criminological thought back to its founders and assess the impact on which it has on modern criminological thought, whilst noting the flaws in its foundations. It is also noted within this dissertation that the CJS respond differently depending on the sex of the offender. This thesis explores the contradictory nature of current penal practices and contends that through the implementation of drug courts based on the teachings of therapeutic jurisprudence, there has emerged within the justice system a hybrid program that sufficiently appeals to a widespread audience in the punishment milieu. This dissertation examines the links between autistic spectrum disorders and offending behaviour in young people. Do the actions of extremist groups segregate communities and promote hate crime: Do the English defence league (EDL) and the Muslims against crusades group (MAC) constitute a social problem? Therefore if there are any desires to change policy, cultural change is recommended for acceptance. An empirical research survey was designed and disseminated to students. These changes in the economy and law and policy in particular have in consequence meant that African Americans are still being denied full integration and citizenship. In recent years there has been an increase in the consumption of media, which has led to concerns about whether it is criminogenic. The idea is that this 15 year crime drop is partly due to the unintended consequences of some form of relatively new human activity or invention. This work often involves following suspects, documenting their activities, whereabouts, and conservations, tracing phone calls, and performing exhaustive research. This paper examines some of these causal factors and in doing so reveals the incremental nature of knowledge construction which various researchers have taken in their studies. The data gathered has been thematically analysed using grounded theory to explore what appear to be the central causes, processes and societal perspectives of the topic. The ‘black urban crime’ genre has grown in popularity over the past two decades though its exploration in the UK is limited. Broccoli or Broken Windows? All aided governments throughout history in various conflicts and at other times revolted against them. In turn this gathered data is used for the purpose of analysing four emerging themes, paramount as to why LGBT individuals feel hate crime is on the rise in an otherwise, contemporary, liberal society. By Ben Hobbs, Student at Nottingham Trent University, UK. This study identifies the dominant characteristics of official Canadian state discourses on national security and terrorism in the post-September 11 context, using a content analysis methodology; identifies key themes and / or areas of incongruity in these discourses, and relates these findings to a broader discussion of contemporary Canadian national security policy and practice. This research upholds findings of a range of previous academic studies including the existence of notions such as rape culture and victim blaming. The strengths and weaknesses of research designs were tested using the Sherman et al. Ultimately, however, it is clear that the study suffers from the same lack of evidence and support that other explanations suffer, and that further research is needed in order to validate the research. This exercise also illustrates the possible dangers of creating a balanced subpanel from an unbalanced data set. School of Arts, Celtic Studies and Social Sciences. Criminal justice professionals in the UK are seeking alternatives to the formal criminal justice system This dissertation attempts to review and develop understanding regarding the ethos and social improvement practices of the Recycling Lives organisation, evaluating the multi-dimensional company’s social value in terms of socio-economic rejuvenation and individual rehabilitation. Leeds Becket University. Neighbourhood policing is the most recent model of community policing in the UK, whilst community policing has been a popular model in the USA it has not been as influential in the UK. University of Huddersfield. By Sophie Lockley, Nottingham Trent University, UK. By Mhairi Fyffe, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK. Female offenders appear to be taken less seriously whereas male offenders are vilified as a gendered group and the media takes it upon themselves to take vigilante action or encourage vigilante action as they perceive themselves as being the guardians of society. By Louis Wassell Nottingham Trent University Division of Sociology BA (Hons) Criminology. The sole method of data collection chosen for this study was library-based research. However, there were no projects that addressed victims of assault in Derby. Does our national press, as a source of information, reflect this change of understanding about child sex offenders in its news coverage? This exploration included the definition of the perceived notion of crime and how certain harms are not valued under criminal law. Genocide Prevention in the Modern Setting: Theory versus Practice. Is it Strange or is it Scary? While the juvenile delinquent is by no means a novel consternation, a consumer society of cultural multiplicity and precarious relations has submerged the public imagination in existential fear of transgressive youth. Typical college degrees for criminal investigators are usually focused on criminal justice or criminology, although it is quite common for individuals in the criminal investigative profession to seek degrees in everything from sociology and forensic psychology to criminal justice and crime scene investigations. The aim of the research was help to bridge the gap in knowledge in the area of the effectiveness of CCTV in reducing antisocial behaviour with the use of both primary and secondary sources. Therefore, this dissertation has shown that there is a need for methods other that reconviction data to the measure the programmes effectiveness. It considered legislation which has introduced such measures to monitor sex offenders upon their release from custody and analyses the methods and accuracy of risk assessments before reverting back to a debate which highlights the difficulties in balancing the human rights of the sex offender against the rights protecting the public. A Communities Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Neighbourhood Policing. Due to this attention theories attempted to explain sexual offending. This dissertation aims to assess normalisation of recreational drug use on an English and a Spanish sample, testing the validity of the thesis created by Parker et al. It has also shown that more research is needed into whether the SOTP is more successful at treating certain types of sex offenders as well as research into whether targeting areas such as distorted thinking and victim empathy is effective at reducing sexual reoffending or that any other approach would be just as effective. By Amy Goulding, Masters student at the University of Central Lancashire, UK. An Examination of How Changes in Policing Practices Have Affected Criminal Justice Discrimination Against Minority Ethnic Communities. Ultimately, this dissertation stresses the need to account adequately for both female and male rape victims alike. However, along with all the beneficial aspects that the Internet has created, there have also been some characteristics that have been damaging to society. Theorists have linked antisocial personality traits to violent criminality since the 1930’s (Moeller 2001, p.2000).The current interest however lies with the causes of antisocial behaviour- much established research being dedicated to the causal factors of violent offending. By Rosie Grant, University of Leeds, UK. This research entails an investigation into the implications of imprisonment on the mental health and well-being of (ex) prisoners, explored from the perspective of professionals who have experience in working with this cohort. The importance of understanding the influences cultural context possess regarding drug policy development is highlighted. So long as the student was given a first class mark and the paper is criminological in content we will publish it, thereby offering up and coming criminologists an outlet through which to become published. Miranda Trier (MA Thesis) Swansea University. This research explores the phenomenon of male rape and how the police recognise it, together with uncovering male rape myths in a local police force. The Huntley Case: How Far Does It Tell Us That We Need To Compromise Personal Liberties For Public Security? As Kennedy (2005) demonstrates, corporate environmental harm can often refer to acts that are legal as a result of significant influence from corporate representatives. Does court attendance for young offenders impact on future offending: Youth conditional cautions vs referral orders. History has consistently uncovered a preferred method of transport for thieves to target due to a form of displacement occurring once weak targets are universally hardened, and knowing this may help society gear up for the next CVIT problem before it arrives. A snowball sample was used in order to gather the participants, which consisted of seven probation employees. The study highlights the need for a wider acknowledgment in addressing the problems and ensuring that more women become aware of the support available, resulting in less women feeling there is no alternative but to stay with their partner and less pets becoming abused in the future. The dissertation concludes by stating that there are a number of different discourses of corporate environmental harm, but that these work together in different ways to reproduce existing power relations. This work was conducted to determine the impact of human security concerns within security policies of, the dictatorships of Tunisia, Egypt and Libya upon the Arab Spring and the fall of the regimes in the region of Northern Africa in 2011-12. ‘The most powerful military in the world cannot invade, kill or capture a network or destroy every loose weapon on the planet. The negative impact of private sector involvement will also be examined with questions being asked as to whether the commodification of security is ultimately harmful to what is left of the collective. One of the main aims of the UK drug policy is to deter the public from consuming illegal drugs. However, despite its widespread use, the effectiveness of the prison has always been a widely debated controversial issue. The legitimacy of whether joint enterprise is fair and just was also brought into question highlighting the lower evidential threshold in these cases, harsh sentencing practices and the problems with secondary liability. Concentrating on two different cases of male and female co-offending; Vanessa George and Colin Blanchard and Maxine Carr and Ian Huntley, a review of the literature relating to each of the partnerships was initially undertaken before critically analysing the linguistic features of a selection of headlines and two documentaries relating to each of the cases. Employing archival research, data were gathered from all murder and non-negligent homicide cases for the years 2000 and 2001 in which a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity was later entered for the defendant. The Primary aim of this dissertation is investigate social control theories, and how they compare to the actual role of CCTV as a social control agent. It is argued that the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy setting within the late modern prison is the materialisation of this state of exception. Furthermore, the research highlighted the lack of training criminal justice professionals receive on how to recognise and appropriately deal with children on the spectrum. Seductions of the Caliphate: A Cultural Criminological Analysis of Online Islamic State Propaganda, Ashton Rebecca Kingdon (MSC) University of Portsmouth. The piece of work will be looking to address the gap in research around perceptions of homicide particularly with regards peoples’ perception of the dynamics of homicide such as where it occurs and the circumstances around the offence. The figures obtained are compared to other social studies measuring drug use, demonstrating that the rates of recreational use of drugs amongst the young-adult population remains consistently high. "I hope Boris Johnson watches Top Boy”: a synthetic and critical analysis of popular culture, Molly McDonnell (B.A Hons. The literature review highlights an array of themes, including gym, drug use and parental imprisonment in affecting the mental health of prisoners, of which were also widely explored in the participants responses. In the past forty years developing research has shown that children and young people who have witnessed domestic violence in their life time are likely to face long term implications in respect of their emotional, psychological and behavioural development. The IJC will only publish undergraduate dissertations that receive a first class mark, and it should be noted that these criminology papers are NOT peer reviewed, edited or assessed for their quality. Findings showed that animalistic dehumanisation plays a significant role in public attitudes towards the rehabilitation and sentencing of violent offenders. Care or Custody: Where Should Mentally Disordered Offenders be Placed? The Mafia, The Triads and the IRA: A Study of Criminal and Political Secret Societies. The experiment looked to observe how the gender of the participant and the gender of the “criminal” influenced the length of sentence given.
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